Understanding the Medicaid Work Requirement
What Changed
The One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA), signed into law in 2025, added a new work requirement for adults enrolled in Medicaid through the ACA expansion. Starting January 1, 2027, you must complete 80 hours per month of qualifying activities to keep your Medicaid coverage. Some states are implementing this earlier — Nebraska began enforcement in May 2026.
Who Is Affected
This requirement applies to adults ages 19-64 enrolled in Medicaid through the expansion program (generally those with income up to 138% of the Federal Poverty Level). Approximately 18.5 million people are enrolled in expansion Medicaid nationwide. The Congressional Budget Office estimated that 5.2 million adults could lose coverage by 2034 under the House-passed version of the bill. The enacted law includes larger Medicaid cuts ($911 billion over 10 years), so the actual impact may be higher.
What Counts as a Qualifying Activity
You can meet the 80-hour requirement through any combination of:
- Paid employment — Any job, part-time or full-time. There is no minimum wage requirement.
- Job training — Workforce development programs, apprenticeships, or vocational training.
- Higher education or career/technical education — Must be enrolled at least half-time.
- Community service — Volunteering at a nonprofit, faith-based organization, or government program.
You can mix activities. For example, 10 hours of part-time work per week plus 10 hours of volunteering equals the 80 hours per month. There is also an income-based alternative: earning at least $580 per month (80 hours at the federal minimum wage of $7.25/hr) satisfies the requirement regardless of hours worked.
Who Is Exempt
Many people are exempt and do not need to meet the 80-hour requirement. Exemptions include:
- Pregnant individuals or those within 12 months postpartum
- Parents or caregivers of a child age 13 or younger
- Caregivers of a disabled family member
- People with disabilities (physical, intellectual, or developmental)
- People with substance use disorder, serious mental illness, or complex medical conditions
- Disabled veterans
- American Indians and Alaska Natives
- Former foster care youth under age 26
- People in substance abuse treatment programs
- People already meeting TANF or SNAP work requirements
- People currently incarcerated or released from incarceration within the past 90 days
- Certain Medicare beneficiaries (scope may be limited — check with your state)
What Happens If You Do Not Comply
If your state cannot verify that you meet the 80-hour requirement, you will receive a notice. You then have 30 days to prove compliance or claim an exemption. If you do not respond, you will be disenrolled from Medicaid and must reapply from scratch to regain coverage.
Important: If you lose Medicaid due to noncompliance with the work requirement, you are also barred from receiving premium tax credits for ACA Marketplace insurance (Healthcare.gov). This means you could be left without any affordable health insurance option.
Key Dates
- June 1, 2026 — HHS publishes full implementation rules
- June 30 - August 31, 2026 — States must conduct outreach to notify you
- January 1, 2027 — Federal work requirement takes effect in all expansion states
- December 31, 2028 — Latest deadline for states granted extensions
How to Use This Calculator
- Enter your basic information — Your age, state, household size, and annual income. This tells us whether you are in the affected group.
- Check for exemptions — Go through the exemption checklist. If any apply to you, you do not need to meet the 80-hour requirement. Check every box that applies.
- Add your activities — If you are not exempt, add your current work, education, training, or volunteering hours. The calculator will tell you if you meet the 80-hour monthly requirement.
- Review your results — The calculator will show your status: exempt, compliant, or how many more hours you need.
This tool is for informational purposes only. For official guidance, contact your state Medicaid office or visit Medicaid.gov.